Which populations are considered twice-exceptional?

Twice-exceptional (2e) individuals are those who possess both high intellectual or creative abilities and a disability that may impede their learning or functioning. Gifted students with specific learning disabilities exemplify this concept clearly. They exhibit exceptional talents or intellectual potential while also facing challenges related to learning, such as dyslexia or dyscalculia. This dual identification allows for a more nuanced understanding of their educational needs and strengths.

The other choices, while they represent gifted students with various challenges, do not fully encompass the definition of twice-exceptional as precisely as the first choice does. For instance, gifted students with autism spectrum disorder may indeed face challenges, but the spectrum of abilities can vary widely, making some less clearly categorized as twice-exceptional. Similarly, underachievement among gifted students can stem from various factors but doesn't inherently denote both exceptional giftedness and a disability. Gifted students with other health impairments might also show extraordinary abilities, but without the explicit link to a specific learning disability, they do not align with the twice-exceptional definition as clearly.